Cybersecurity and functional safety are starting to sit in the same conversation in modern vehicles. Earlier, they were handled as separate concerns, but that separation doesn’t really work anymore once vehicles became heavily connected and software-dependent. Cybersecurity today isn’t only about stopping outside attacks. A lot of attention is actually on the internal vehicle network. ECUs are constantly exchanging data, and that communication layer has to be trusted. If it isn’t, problems don’t always show up as obvious “hacks” - sometimes it’s just unexpected behaviour in the system. To manage that, manufacturers are using IDS and IPS more widely. These systems run quietly in the background, watching how the vehicle behaves over time. When something doesn’t match normal patterns, it gets flagged or restricted. OTA updates also play into this shift. Instead of depending on workshop visits, software fixes can now be pushed directly into vehicles already on the road. On the safety side, ISO 26262 and SOTIF still form the base. They’re used to think through risks during development—where things might go wrong, how those situations could actually happen, and what needs to be changed in the design so the system is safe before it goes into production.